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March 25, 2007
English Spanish Cognates
The 'convertible' words between English and Spanish are known as cognates. English and Spanish Cognates are words in both languages that share the same Latin root and which are very similar. It is important to bear in mind that these cognates do not always translate from one language to another precisely. For example: "inferior" in Spanish may be used to refer to a subordinate in the work-place, without carrying any of the derogatory meaning in the English usage. In Spanish, "informal" means unreliable rather than casual. In spite of these 'false cognates', there are thousands of English words which can be converted into Spanish along with much of their English meaning (especially the literal meaning).
The cognates fall into suffix categories which, for clarity and convenience,
have been grouped under the following terms:
Click here
for 2500 pairs of the most common Spanish-English Cognates.
Many Spanish
nouns can easily be converted into English nouns.
English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in '-or' are very often identical.
Nouns
| #1. -or = -or | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in '-al' are very common identical.
| #2. -al = -al | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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Many English nouns ending with '-ist', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-ista'.
| #3. -ist → -ista | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #4. -ism → -ismo | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #5. -nce → -ncia | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #6. -ty → -dad | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #7. -tion → -ción | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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English nouns ending with '-y' often corresponds to Spanish nouns ending with '-ía', '-ia', or '-io'.
| #8. -y → '-ía', '-ia', or '-io' | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
|
|
Click here for 2500 pairs of the most common Spanish-English Cognates.
Adjectives
Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules.
| #1. -ive → ivo | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #2. -al = -al | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #3. -ous → -oso | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #4. -ic → -ico | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #5. -ble = -ble | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #6. -nt → -nte | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #7. -id → -ido | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #8. -ile → -il | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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| #9. -ary → -ario | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
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Click here for 2500 pairs of the most common Spanish-English Cognates.
Verbs
There are many English verbs that can be converted into Spanish, usually by changing the ending of the English verb and adding the Spanish verb suffices 'ar', 'er' or 'ir'.
Almost every English verb ending in '-ate' can be coverted into a Spanish infinitive by replacing the final '-ate' with '-ar'.
| #1. -ate → -ar | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
| accelerate | acelerar |
| accentuate | acentuar |
| aggregate | agregar |
| associate | asociar |
| demonstrate | demostrar |
| estimate | estimar |
| exaggerate | exagerar |
| negotiate | negociar |
| operate | operar |
| participate | participar |
| terminate | terminar |
Many English verbs ending in VOWEL + CONSONANT + T can be converted into Spanish verbs by adding '-ar' or '-ir' to the end of the English verb.
| #2. VOWEL + CONSONANT + T → '-tar' or '-tir' | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
| insult | insultar |
| consult | consultar |
| exalt | exaltar |
| present | presentar |
| represent | representar |
| comment | comentar |
| ferment | fermentar |
| lament | lamentar |
| import | importar |
| comport | comportar |
| insert | insertar |
| support | soportar |
| export | exportar |
| convert | convertir |
| insist | insistir |
Many English infinitive verbs ending VOWEL + CONSONANT + E can be converted into Spanish infinitive verbs by dropping the final E and adding '-ar'.
| #3. VOWEL + CONSONANT + E → VOWEL + CONSONANT + 'AR' | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
| abuse | abusar |
| accuse | acusar |
| cause | causar |
| excuse | excusar |
| admire | admirar |
| adore | adorar |
| compare | comparar |
| declare | declarar |
| implore | implorar |
| analyze | analizar |
| authorize | autorizar |
| civilize | civilizar |
| paralyze | paralizar |
| complete | completar |
| converse | conversar |
| escape | escapar |
| ignore | ignorar |
| invite | invitar |
| imagine | imaginar |
| prepare | preparar |
| organize | organizar |
| utilize | utilizar |
Almost every English infinitive verb ending with '-ify' can be converted into a Spanish verb by replacing the final '-ify' with '-ificar'.
| #3. '-ify' → '-ificar' | |
|---|---|
| English | Spanish |
| unify | unificar |
| simplify | simplificar |
| solidify | solidificar |
| classify | clasificar |
| notify | notificar |
| modify | modificar |
| gratify | gratificar |
| justify | justificar |
| pacify | pacificar |
| verify | verificar |
Click here for 2500 pairs of the most common Spanish-English Cognates.
In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs.
In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs.
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| absolutely | absolutamente |
| normally | normalmente |
| naturally | naturalmente |
| finally | finalmente |
| correctly | correctamente |
| exactly | exactamente |
| evidently | evidentemente |
| difficultly | difícilmente |
Click here for 2500 pairs of the most common Spanish-English Cognates.
PDF download: English Spanish Cognates
Posted by lubw00 at 04:57 PM | Comments (0)
March 19, 2007
Common Spanish Nouns
I collected the most common 1001 Spanish nouns and put them into this "Common Spanish Nouns" database. You can practice to translate these common Spanish nouns to see if you can translate them right.
Note:
-
f. female noun;
-
m. male noun;
Please follow this link: The most common Spanish nouns
Posted by lubw00 at 10:46 PM | Comments (0)
March 17, 2007
Common Spanish Adjectives
There are basically three kinds of adjectives: descriptive adjectives (examples: big, blue, short, happy), demonstrative adjectives (examples: this, that, these, those), and possessive adjectives (examples: my, your, his, their).
The list of descriptive adjectives is long. However, it is convenient to give
you a list of the possessive adjectives and demonstrative adjectives.
Possessives adjectives:
mi/mis (my) nuestro/a/os/as (our)
tu/tus (your) vuestro/a/os/as (your)
su/sus (his,her,ud.) su/sus (their, uds.)
mío/a/os/as (mine) nuestro/a/os/as (ours)
tuyo/a/os/as (yours) vuestro/a/os/as (yours)
suyo/a/os/as (his, hers, ud.) suyo/a/os/as (theirs, uds.)
Demonstratives adjectives:
este - esta (this)
estos - estas (these)
ese - esa (that)
esos - esas (those)
aquel - aquella (that)
aquellos - aquellas (those)
I collected 400 most common descriptive Spanish adjectives. Here you can select randomly from these 400 common Spanish adjectives and see if you can translate them right. Please follow the link below.
The most common Spanish adjectives
Posted by lubw00 at 08:00 PM | Comments (0)
March 10, 2007
Table of Spanish Personal Pronouns
The following table gives summary of Spanish personal pronouns.
| Subject | Prepositional | Indirect Object | Direct Object | Reflexive Object |
| yo | mí | me | me | me |
| tú | ti | te | te | te |
| él | él | le | le, lo | se |
| ella | ella | le | la | se |
| usted | usted | le | le, la | se |
| nosotros | nosotros | nos | nos | nos |
| vosotros | vosotros | os | os | os |
| ellos | ellos | les | los | se |
| ellas | ellas | les | las | se |
| ustedes | ustedes | les | los, las | se |
PDF download: Table of Spanish Personal Pronouns
Posted by lubw00 at 10:42 PM | Comments (0)