Masculine vs Feminine Spanish Nouns II

Following are more rules that might help you determine the gender of some nouns:

1. Nouns ending in -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ción and -sión are generally feminine:
   la ciudad (city)
   la universidad (university)
   
   la libertad (liberty)
   la dificultad (difficulty)
   
   la actitud (attitude)
   la gratitud (gratitude)
   
   la certidumbre (certainty)
   la muchedumbre (crowd)
   
   la nación (nation)
   la construcción (construction)
   
   la televisión (television)
   la decisión (decision)
    
2. Masculine nouns that end in a consonant often have a corresponding feminine form that ends in -a:
   el profesor - la profesora (teacher)
   el doctor - la doctora (doctor)
   el señor - la señora (Mr, Mrs)
    
3. Four of the nouns ending in -a are masculine and must be memorized.
   el día   (day)
   el mapa   (map)
   el planeta   (planet)
   el sofá  (sofa)
    
4. A few nouns ending in -o are feminine.
   la mano (hand)
   la radio (radio)

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